Tesa-IVF-ICSI(Male Infertility)

TESA stands for testicular sperm aspiration, a procedure that involves inserting a needle into the testis and then pulling out fluid and tissue using a vacuum. The extracted sperm cells from this tissue are then processed by ICSI when the sperms are directly injected into the eggs or IVF when the eggs and sperms are left in a culture dish to fertilize on their own.

TESA is one of the newest methods for retrieving sperm. Earlier, when there was a blockage, reconstructive surgery or donor insemination were the only treatments available for azoospermia. Azoospermia is a disorder in which men's ejaculates are discovered to be devoid of sperm; thus, TESA ICSI is advised. Many azoospermic men may now become biological dads by utilizing sperm from their testicles or epididymis, thanks to the development of ICSI.

How is TESA performed?

Men undergo TESA when they have non-obstructive azoospermia or insufficient sperm production from their testicles. Obstructive azoospermia is a condition in which the sperm are prevented from passing to the semen owing to some obstruction.

Fertility may be affected by low sperm production. TESA is a crucial advance for obtaining sperm from a man's testis. Men with azoospermia may father a child using testicular or epididymal sperm. This treatment is utilized in males with non-obstructive azoospermia when no sperms can be extracted.

A needle is inserted into the testis during testicular sperm aspiration, and fluid and tissue are aspirated under negative pressure. The sperm cells are extracted from the sample via ICSI at the embryology lab.

To fertilize an egg, the sperm cells may not necessarily need to be matured and go via the epididymis. They need ICSI, a procedure in which a single sperm is extracted from the semen and inserted directly into the egg since the testicular sperm are immature.

Due to the procedure's complexity, TESA may cause some difficulty for a few days. No hospital stay is necessary since it is performed under local anesthetic or sedation in a daycare setting. When TESA is insufficient or unable to provide enough spurs, testicular biopsy is required, also called TESE.

Significance of Sperm Extraction

Men who have a blockage in the testes' ducts or an obstruction in the epididymis extremely close to the testis (due to previous surgery, infection, or birth) might consider testicular sperm extraction (efferent ductules).

Techniques for sperm aspiration employ modest surgical procedures to remove sperm from genital tract organs. These procedures are recommended for males in whom the ductal system that transports sperm to the seminal fluid is either missing (congenital deficiency of the vas deferens) or cannot be regenerated.

In recent years, men with severe sperm production issues where no sperm is discovered in the ejaculation ducts have had relatively reliable sperm extraction (60-70 percent of the time) from their testes.

It is crucial to note. However, IVF technology is necessary to establish a pregnancy with most of these extraction techniques. So success rates are integrally related to a comprehensive, complementary assisted reproduction programme for both spouses.